Types And Performance Indicators Of Speakers

The speaker, also known as the speaker system, is an extremely important part of the sound system. Because the sound quality of the speaker has a great impact on the entire sound system. At present, the level of program signal source equipment and power amplifier has been done very high, so a sound system composed of high-quality sound source, high-quality amplifier and speaker system, its playback quality mainly depends on the speaker.

Type of speaker

There are many classification methods for speakers, and the common classification in professional audio is as follows:

1. According to the use of the occasion: divided into professional speakers and home speakers two categories. Home speakers are generally used for home playback, which is characterized by delicate and soft playback sound quality, more delicate and beautiful appearance, playback sound pressure level is not too high, and the power to withstand is relatively less. Professional speakers are generally used in dance halls, karaoke halls, theaters, halls and sports venues and other professional entertainment places. General professional speakers have high sensitivity, high sound pressure, good strength, and large power, compared with household speakers, their sound quality is hard and their appearance is not very delicate. However, the monitoring speaker in the professional speaker, its performance is closer to the home speaker, and the appearance is generally more delicate and small, so this type of monitoring speaker is often used by the home Hi-Fi sound system.

2. According to the playback frequency, it can be divided into full band speakers, bass speakers and subwoofer speakers. The so-called full band speaker refers to the sound that can cover the low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency range. The lower limit frequency of the full band speaker is generally 30Hz-60Hz, and the upper limit frequency is 15KHz-20KHz. In the general small and medium-sized sound system, only one or two pairs of full-band speakers can fully undertake the task of playback. Bass speakers and subwoofers are generally used to supplement the low-frequency and ultra-low frequency playback of full-band speakers. This type of speaker is generally used in large and medium-sized sound systems to enhance the intensity and shock of low-frequency playback. When used, most of the frequency is divided by an electronic divider (divider), the low-frequency signal is sent to a specialized bass amplifier, and then the bass or subwoofer is pushed.

3. According to the use of points: generally can be divided into the main playback speaker. Monitor speaker and return speaker, etc. The main playback speaker is generally used as the main speaker of the sound system and undertakes the main playback task. The performance of the main playback speaker has a great impact on the playback quality of the entire sound system, and full-band speakers plus subwoofer speakers can also be selected for combined playback.

The monitor speaker is used in the control room and recording studio for program monitoring. It has the characteristics of small distortion, wide frequency response and flat, and few modifications to the signal, so it can most truly reproduce the original appearance of the program. Back listening speakers, also known as stage monitor speakers, are generally used on the stage or dance hall for actors or band members to monitor their singing or playing sound. This is because they are located on the stage behind the main sound amplifier, can not hear their own voice or the band's playing sound, so they can not cooperate well or can not find the feeling, seriously affecting the performance effect. Generally, the sound box is made into an oblique shape and placed on the ground, so that it can be placed on the stage without affecting the overall shape of the stage, and the person on the stage can be heard clearly when playing the sound, and the sound will not be fed back to the microphone and cause whistling.

4. According to the box structure, it can be divided into sealed speakers, inverted speakers, labyrinth speakers, acoustic tube speakers and multi-cavity resonant speakers. Among them, the most used in professional speakers is the inverted phase speaker, which is characterized by wide frequency response, high efficiency, large sound pressure, in line with the professional sound system speaker type, but because of its low efficiency, it is less used in professional speakers, mainly for household speakers, only a few monitoring speakers use closed box structure. The sealed loudspeaker has the advantages of simple debugging, wide frequency response, good low-frequency transient characteristics, etc., but it has higher requirements for the sound dial unit. At present, in various speakers, inverting speakers and sealed speakers account for the majority of the proportion, and other types of speakers have many structural forms, but the proportion is small.